Today In Black History: The Fight for School Desegregation in a New Jersey City
Hundreds of people occupied city hall chambers in Englewood, N.J., in protest of the school board's refusal to transfer nine Black students to a new school.
Englewood, NJ: Protest segregated schools: Pickets in front of the Municipal Building here February 2nd, to protest the arrest of 11 persons during sit-in demonstrations protesting allegedly segregated school. The sit-in took place Feb.1 and Feb 2. at City Hall in protest to a Board of education ruling barring nine Negro children from predominantly white Quarles School Feb 1., because of a zoning restriction.
Hundreds piled into the City Hall chamber to witness the Englewood Board of Education budget meeting on Feb. 1, 1962, anxious to hear a committee report on school segregation in Englewood, New Jersey.
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Nine Black students were attempting to transfer to the new predominantly white Donald A. Quarles School from two mostly Black elementary schools, Lincoln School and Liberty School. The transfer requests were shot down.
Segregation was technically illegal statewide for more than a decade.
During that evening’s budget meeting, the council doubled down on the decision to deny the transfers, according to the New York Times, citing district lines. Some accused the city of continuously redrawing district lines to continue segregation and keep Black students in the poorer school districts. Sound familiar?
To protest, Black and white demonstrators part of the Congress of Racial Equality (C.O.R.E., which you can read more about here) spent the night occupying the chamber.
“Stamping their feet and chanting ‘freedom’ and ‘discrimination,’ the demonstrators pledged that they would remain in the building all night and challenged the police to remove them,” one article read.
Mayor Austin Volk allowed the demonstration to take place and stayed the night in his office, police surrounded the building just waiting for the word.
On Feb. 2, the Times reports that 15 people were arrested the morning after the all-night sit in. 11 of them for refusing to leave the council chamber and the other four “sympathizers” who showed support for them in their court arraignment that afternoon.
The charges were later dismissed, but protests against the decision continued for weeks on end. Paul Zuber, a well known civil rights attorney, filed a federal lawsuit on behalf of the nine students and their families that summer.
The fight for desegregation in New Jersey schools would continue for years, arguably decades, and it still hasn’t ended with lawsuits filed as recently as 2018.
Check out the slideshow.
Englewood, NJ: Protest segregated schools
Englewood, NJ: Protest segregated schools: Pickets in front of the Municipal Building here February 2nd, to protest the arrest of 11 persons during sit-in demonstrations protesting allegedly segregated school. The sit-in took place Feb.1 and Feb 2. at City Hall in protest to a Board of education ruling barring nine Negro children from predominantly white Quarles School Feb 1., because of a zoning restriction. Photo: Getty Images Getty
City Hall in Englewood, New Jersey
Pickets march in front of City Hall in Englewood, New Jersey on Feb. 7, 1962 during meeting of City Council at which this year’s school budget was adopted. African American leadership in the community is protesting what it claims is segregation in the elementary school system. Photo: AP AP Photo
Englewood, NJ: Penelope Patch
9/6/1962-Englewood, NJ: Penelope Patch, 18, of Englewood, NJ (with sign at end of line of children) who spent 5 days in Albany, jail for desegregation activities. Photo: Getty Images Getty
Demonstration in Englewood’s McKay Park
Demonstrator John Patler, carrying sign, is surrounded after his arrest by Englewood, N.J., police during anti-segregation demonstration in Englewood’s McKay Park on August 18, 1962. Patler was one of the several demonstrators from right-wing group calling itself the American National Party. Patler’s was the only arrest during the rally. Photo: AP AP Photo
Picketers at Lincoln Elementary School
General view of picketers at Lincoln Elementary School in Englewood, New Jersey. Photo: Getty Images Getty
Who Was Arrested?
Screenshot from NYT article COURT ACQUITS 11 IN JERSEY SIT-IN; 4 Others Fined $25 Each in Englewood School Case Transfers Barred written by John W. Slocum, in print Feb. 17, 1962. Screenshot: Rachel PilgrimScreenshot from NYT article COURT ACQUITS 11 IN JERSEY SIT-IN; 4 Others Fined $25 Each in Englewood School Case Transfers Barred written by John W. Slocum, in print Feb. 17, 1962. Screenshot: Rachel PilgrimScreenshot from NYT article COURT ACQUITS 11 IN JERSEY SIT-IN; 4 Others Fined $25 Each in Englewood School Case Transfers Barred written by John W. Slocum, in print Feb. 17, 1962. Screenshot: Rachel Pilgrim
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