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The Night Washington Burned Black

Black people destroyed their city in order to claim it.

National Guard troops called in to patrol Washington when riots broike out after the death of Martin Luther King, Jr.
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April 2, 2008 --They told us to stay in the dorms that Thursday night, so we hit the streets as soon as the hall monitors closed their doors. We slipped off the Howard University campus and headed down Georgia Avenue/Seventh Street, toward the smoke and flames and unceasing sirens that started soon after news hit that Martin Luther King had been killed in Memphis.

A gaggle of fearless freshmen, we were oblivious to the dangers of burning buildings, fleeing looters and what sounded like gunfire. All the traffic in the world seemed to be headed north, getting out of downtown at law-breaking speed. We ducked into side streets or over to Eighth Street at the sight of cops, but they seemed to be mostly watching as the rampage heated up.

D.C. had its riot at last. For years, Negroes in the capital had watched as Watts, Detroit, Newark -- even Rochester, New York -- exploded in racial outrage. And though it shared the frustrations expressed in cities elsewhere, black Washington had held calm, either because its second-class citizens were intimidated by proximity to such concentrated power, or because they were too comfortable in the middle-class advantages of federal jobs.

All the way down 7th Street that night, we witnessed a righteous chaos. It was grief and lifelong frustration released in a burning, destructive fury. We saw poor people tearing up their own neighborhoods; targeting stores, but mindless of apartments above them; breaking windows and burning shops along the commercial strip long known its for exploitative merchandising. Jewelers, haberdashers and merchants of cheap furniture routinely sold at high prices to captive shoppers, often charged ruinous credit rates.

We would later learn that similar, even worse, outbursts were going on along 14th Street Northwest, H Street Northeast and along F Street downtown. Pushing past the venerable, but eventually burned-out O Street Market and rundown low-rise apartments, we heard children cry in terror and saw old people watching from darkened windows.

Women called on the Lord and young people ran in and out of stores taking advantage of the open-air shopping. Streets and sidewalks were covered in broken glass--sheets and shards of plate glass store windows, bottles, car windshields.

It was a lark to us, but this outbreak was deadly serious. Twelve people died, some of them caught in burning homes, more than a thousand were injured and 6,000 were arrested. Millions of dollars were lost in property damage.

In one harrowing and unforgettable sight, we saw several youngsters smash through the bottom of a gold-lettered window in a fancy downtown men's store near Ninth and F. As they scrambled in, a scrawny straggler followed, just as the top portion of the broken window began to slide down, like a guillotine, directly toward his head. His leap to safety inside was one of the closest escapes of certain death I ever witnessed.

We were mostly voyeurs, that historic April night, out to see the revolution for ourselves--up close, picking up a few crumbs left by looters. I rescued a copy of Otis Redding's last LP from the floor of Waxie Maxie's record store -- where shelves had been stripped and the floors left carpeted with album covers -- still in mourning the sweet soul singer from Macon, Georgia killed in a plane crash the previous December. It remains a prized souvenir. 

At Seventh and F Streets, near today's Verizon Center, the shattered display windows in Hecht's department store had been cleaned out, the golf clubs, men's resort wear and leather luggage gone. But I salvaged a decorative leather covered flask, also a treasure to this day.  

Late that night, we made our way back to campus by alleys and side streets, stopping in a dark empty liquor store to liberate a half gallon of cheap White Roses wine. We mixed it with soda pop that night in the lounge of Wheatley Hall and toasted what we'd seen.

The chaos would go on for days, even after open truckloads of green-clad National Guardsmen had begun to patrol the city. When the violence subsided on Sunday the streets were being patrolled by thousands of federal troops dispatched by LBJ. The whole city looked, smelled and felt like a huge hangover the morning after.

The reign of anarchy was only surprising to those who had not been paying attention. The furor had been building for some time. It was a heady time to be on the hill at Howard. Afros had been sprouting with increasing frequency on previously processed heads by the time student activists ushered a Howard administrator off the stage at Cramton Auditorium, disrupting his lecture on Greek classical art and seizing the microphone to declare him and his ilk irrelevant to the black struggle. 

Student activists took over the administration building demanding that the foremost Negro college be made a black university and even those of us who merely shuttled cokes and chips to protesters sleeping on the floor of the "A Building" shared the sense of empowerment when the university yielded to many of the student demands for curriculum and philosophical changes.

Stokely Carmichael and H. Rap Brown had both been on campus that spring, spurring on the militants. Some of us thrilled to the daring speeches of these two leading firebrands of the time.

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The Night Washington Burned Black

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  • Posted By:
    rlgray at 04/04/2008 3:47:39 PM
    Comment:
    thanks for this article. This is the way I saw it. My home town was on fire.Being there 40 yrs. ago is a part of my history.Thanks for the memories.. Great to remember who you are.
  • Posted By:
    rlgray at 04/04/2008 3:45:18 PM
    Comment:
    really enjoyed reading this article. Remembering all this as it happened. thanks for the stroll back in my history in my home town. I WAS THERE...
  • Posted By:
    tootsumi1 at 04/04/2008 10:44:03 AM
    Comment:
    One month before my 18th birthday, I came of age the day MLK was assassinated. One of the few "lucky" black salesgirls, I had a job at the Lerner's on F Street -- one of the same streets that fell victim to the fires and rioting. As my boyfriend attempted to get me home from work that evening, we were forced to detour all around the city, and at one point, I recall being on the Douglas bridge and watching the city burn around us. I don't think I was ever the same after that evening. Caught between childhood and adulthood, I was shoved -- whether I liked it or not -- into adulthood. After graduating from a local high school that June, I was one of the many who held out in the "A" building of Howard University (and was not even a student there; I went to DC Teachers College) ... but I felt I had to become a part of the struggle. Here we are -- 40 years later -- still in a struggle. It looks different from the one MLK led, but a struggle nonetheless. I'm a resident of a City where the residents are increasingly looking less and less like me; I live in a neighborhood where 50 years ago was the scene of "white flight" ... only to witness the "fliers" coming home. The schools are a mess, and we still have a huge group of people in the nationl's capitol who are disenfranchised. I wonder -- but am only cautiously optimistic -- that I will see Dr. King's dream come alive in my lifetime.
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